German Airports Use Bees To Monitor Air Quality 44
The Düsseldorf International Airport and seven other airports in Germany have come up with a unique way of monitoring air quality; they use bees. The airports test the bees' honey twice a year for toxins, and batches that turn up clean are bottled and given away. From the article: "Assessing environmental health using bees as 'terrestrial bioindicators' is a fairly new undertaking, said Jamie Ellis, assistant professor of entomology at the Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, University of Florida in Gainesville. 'We all believe it can be done, but translating the results into real-world solutions or answers may be a little premature.' Still, similar work with insects to gauge water quality has long been successful."
Re:Great (Score:3, Interesting)
FTFA:
Could bees be modern-day sentinels like the canaries once used as warning signals of toxic gases in coal mines?
Just what we need, there will be swarms of honey bees at airports, in parking lots, and at work, all testing the air quality. Somehow the whole "swarm of bees" thing scares me more than the actual pollution - at least canaries were cute.
I've got no links or references to give you, so you'll have to forgive me.
The Mall of America, in Minnesota, was using some kind of tiny, stingless bee to pollinate plants indoors. I'd assume something similar could be used for monitoring air quality or whatever else.
Lichen biomonitoring (Score:2, Interesting)
Re:I wonder... (Score:2, Interesting)
As someone who loves cuddly and non-cuddly animals - some of them even human - and who has worked with PETA people and found them to be a bunch of animal-killing lunatics(*), it saddens me that PETA has completely broken the good image of animal welfare. Not that it's always PETA directly - sometimes they are the extreme that the opposition use to belittle the mainstream. A small proportion of what they do may be considered reasonable: e.g. undercover examination of conditions in testing labs; pushing research for meat production which doesn't require farming a whole animal. But general practice and underlying philosophy mostly causes more harm to the animal (and, by extension, human) welfare movement.
Anyway, social bees are cool. If we're the top mammal, they're the top insect. Yet we've done a good job of fucking up native varieties by over-zealous import of bees who turn out diseased./ not to be so great in another environment (shock!). Let's return to finding out how we can help each other :-).
(*) Their belief being that it's better to kill an animal than let it suffer the torment of symbiosis with humans. It's a really, really, contradictory cult. The exceptions to the insanity are the student volunteers who don't really see how the business (I don't expect them to survive on misguided love alone, but Ingrid is rich) works.
Honeybee stuff (Score:5, Interesting)
My wife and I are hobbyist bee keepers. A few comments
1) bees will fly several miles from their hive when looking for nectar and pollen. Of course i wouldn't expect a pefectly symmetrical distribution of bee activity in all 360 degrees and at all distances away from the hive. So siting the hive is a relevant concern
2) the collection of nectar/etc is non-uniform with the passage of time. the amount of material collected depends on things like colony size [which in turn depends on the amount of nectar collected.. yay for cross-talk in experimental variables :)]. The bees are obviously collecting much more when something nearby is blooming. However, bees mostly stay home in cold weather or rainy conditions. So the amount of foraging bees do as a function of calendar date depends on the bloom and the weather conditions.
One could say that the experiment ignores this by only taking two measurements... .. .which brings me to my final point: a hive is usually tended to considerably more often than twice in a season. the bees can put away a tremendous amount of honey in a short time if the colony is at full strength and there is a strong nearby bloom. if the hive becomes too crowded the colony will split and swarm. If the hive is made so large so as to be empty, it will be difficult to tell when a certain cell of comb was filled.
There are other factors: the creation of honey involves bees filling a cell with nectar and then vibrating their wings over that cell to manage the heat and evaporation. Any number of factors might affect the evaporative rate of the honey, like the local temperature or the rate at which a given cell was filled.
Certainly, some of the pollutants they are looking for would be affected by the evaporative rate of the water in the nectar, and without frequent monitoring and much higher precision data logging, i don't really know how you'd measure that.
So in summary: there is no guarantee that bees will go a certain place, much less at a certain time, nor is there any uniformity in how much work they do, nor in how they put up the nectar, nor in how they create the honey.
If the experiment is "i wonder how many airborne pollutants show up in a beehive after 1 season", then fine. But i wouldn't use it to measure anything else. I wouldn't even compare it to other beehives to see if airports create more pollution -- the activity of a given colony is simply not uniform.